The reform is significant for individuals and companies alike. Holding an Italian passport allows free work and travel across the European Union, so businesses using citizenship as a mobility strategy may need to revise timelines and plans in light of the changes
Italy has introduced a major reform to its citizenship system, which is set to change how millions of people worldwide apply for Italian nationality. A new law that came into force on 19 February 2026 will gradually move most adult citizenship applications from Italian consulates abroad to a central office in Rome by 1 January 2029.
At present, people claiming Italian citizenship through ancestry (jure sanguinis) or through marriage must apply at the Italian consulate responsible for their place of residence. Many consulates face long waiting lists due to limited staff, with processing times stretching from two to eight years in high-demand locations such as South America, Europe and the United States.
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Under the new system, a dedicated Citizenship Directorate will be created within Italy’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs
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This central office will handle the submission, review and approval of most adult applications
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The government plans to use specialised staff and digital tools to speed up document checks, while consulates will continue to handle cases involving minor children of recognised Italian citizens
To manage demand, annual limits will be introduced on the number of applications that can be accepted, based on how many cases were completed in the previous year. Experts expect a surge in applications between 2026 and 2028, as many people try to submit their files before the new limits and central system take effect.
Processing times will also be extended from 24 to 36 months, reflecting the complexity of cases involving multiple generations. Applications will still need to be submitted in original paper form, but communication and tracking will move to a secure online portal.
